
**
** CODEBOOK AND README ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Hoffmann et al. "Subnational survey data reveal persistent gaps in living standards worldwide"

This document introduces the steps to reproduce the analysis carried out in the paper and provides
additional information on the DLS datasets that can be used in different applications. 

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** DATA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
** 

A) Datasets available:
Complete DLS data file_regional level.RData		Main dataset with DLS attainment at subnational regional level 
							(dls_region for all regions, dls_region_urbanrural separating regions
							by rural and urban populations)
Gaps in DLS achievement_worldregion level.RData		Auxiliary datasets measuring gaps in DLS attainment across worldregions (Figure 2)
Data for inequality assessment_regional level.RData	Auxiliary datasets measuring gaps in DLS attainment between social groups (Figure 3)
dhs shapefile.gpkg					Shapefile with subnational boundaries for all DHS regions 

B) Datasets unavailable: 
Due to restrictions in data accessibility, the authors cannot publish the microlevel DHS data at the individual
or household level. Readers interested in reproducing and expanding the DLS dataset can request access to the 
DHS data through the DHs website: www.DHS.org. Preparation code files for the processing and aggregation of the 
raw DHS microdata files are available from the authors upon request. 

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** R CODE FILES
** 

summary statistics in main text

figure 1_distribution of DLS worldwide
figure 2a_time trends for DLS dimensions
figure 2b_contribution of DLS dimensions for filling gaps in living standards
figure 3_inequality in DLS achievements across social groups

supplement_figure S1_avaialability of DLS dimensions in DHS over time
supplement_figure S3_box plot on dls by rural-urban across world regions
supplement_figure S5a_correlation matrix
supplement_figure S5-S7_cluster analysis
supplement_table S5_modeling social inequality in living standards (as this code uses microlevel data at the household level with restricted access, it cannot be executed)  

 
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** LIST OF KEY VARIABLES IN REGIONAL DLS DATASET -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
** 

country_name				Country name
country_code				Country code
wave 					DHS wave
region_name_raw                		Name of subnational region (raw DHS version)
region_num_raw                  	Code of subnational region (raw DHS version)
region_name_harmonized          	Harmonized name of subnational region for comparisons over time
region_num_harmonized     		Harmonized code of subnational region for comparisons over time
region_id                       	Unique region ID
rural 					Whether data point refers to rural (=1) or urban (=0) population (only in dls_region_urbanrural)      

dim1_housing_region			DLS dimension 1: Housing. Share of population with access
dim2_thermal_region      		DLS dimension 2: Thermal comfort. Share of population with access	
dim3_nutrition_region			DLS dimension 3: Food and nutrition. Share of population with access
dim4_foodprep_region			DLS dimension 4: Food preparation. Share of population with access
dim5_water_region			DLS dimension 5: Water. Share of population with access
dim6_sanitation_region			DLS dimension 6: Sanitation. Share of population with access
dim7_health_region			DLS dimension 7: Healthcare. Share of population with access
dim8_education_region			DLS dimension 8: Education. Share of population with access
dim9_socialconnect_region		DLS dimension 9: Social connectedness. Share of population with access	
dim10_physicalconnect_region		DLS dimension 10: Physical connectedness. Share of population with access

dls_min5_region				Share of population with access to at least 1/2 of DLS dimensions
dls_min7_region   			Share of population with access to at least 2/3 of DLS dimensions
dls_min10_region                        Share of population with access to all DLS dimensions 
dls_index_region			Average number of DLS dimensions attained in a subnational region

dls_min5_nonutrition_region		Robustness check: DLS_min5_region withoutfood and nutrition dimension
dls_min7_nonutrition_region		Robustness check: DLS_min7_region withoutfood and nutrition dimension
dls_min10_nonutrition_region		Robustness check: DLS_min10_region withoutfood and nutrition dimension

dls_min5_edualternative_region  	Robustness check: DLS_min5_region with alternative education indicators
dls_min7_edualternative_region  	Robustness check: DLS_min7_region with alternative education indicator
dls_min10_edualternative_region 	Robustness check: DLS_min10_region with alternative education indicators

